Sanitation was never perceived as a priority especially in rural areas where open space was readily available until today albeit the growth of population and urbanization. GOI launched the first Central Rural Sanitation Programme (CRSP) in 1986. It hinged on substantial subsidy as a means for for household toilets, which was soon found to be strategically weak. Constructing toilets was a dynamics of need, an understanding of its importance, financial capability and availability of hardware and skilled masons. Of the sanitary pour-flush toilets constructed in the decade of the eighties and nineties, less than 50% were found in use due to many reasons i.e. lack of awareness, poor construction standards, emphasis on high cost designs, absence of participation on the part of beneficiaries, etc. The CRSP had also neglected school sanitation, which is considered as one of the vital components of sanitation. Also, CRSP failed to have a linkage with various local institutions like ICDS, Mahila Samakhya, women, PRIs, NGOs, research institutions, SHGs, etc. Realizing weaknesses in CRSP, various experiments were carried out in the country. With the assistance of Rama Krishna Mission Lok Shiksha Parishad (RKMLSP), Narenderpur, West Bengal and UNICEF, one such experiment was made in Midnapur district of West Bengal where approximately 800,000 toilets were constructed by the rural people without any subsidy from Central or State Government. This successful model later on became the basis for revamping the Central Rural Sanitation Programme. In addition, a Baseline Survey on Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices in rural water supply and sanitation was conducted during 1996-97 by the Indian Institute of Mass Communication, which showed that 55% of those with private latrines were self-motivated. Only 2% of the respondents claimed the existence of subsidy as a motivating factor.